Izmir Introduction

Izmir is a region in Turkey which is packed with magic and mystery in which you can explore its many interesting sights. It lies in the Gulf of Izmir within the Aegean Sea so you can guarantee fantastic weather for at least 7 months of the year. On the coastal resorts of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas the summers, between May to October are very acrid, hot and dry. The summer temperatures can reach a staggering 40oC so sun protection is essential.

There are places in Izmir that are still traditional, yet others where life is much more modern. Izmir has an amazing history, together with some splendid beaches, natural beauty, ancient sites, lakes and some fantastic landscapes.

You will be amazed by the smells and sounds as you wander around the streets of Izmir. You will take much delight in its many markets and bazaars that sell lots of oils and spices, as we said the smells are delicious. In the larger towns you will find some cosmopolitan shopping too. Izmir has plenty of shops selling all kinds of items, designer boutiques with the latest fashions, leather shops where you can buy a bargain handbag or sandals, local craft shops and much more.

Izmir is popular for its night venues with both holidaymakers and locals alike. There is a wide variety of bars, clubs and discos which provide a choice of popular music along with some traditional Turkish music and jazz music which is popular amongst the Turkish people. The town of Alsancak is a popular choice with clubbers and those looking for all night entertainment.

If you want to see something traditional like belly dancing, or something more modern like popular music, it is here. You will find a variety of nightlife available but one of the delights of visiting Turkey is to experience that authentic Turkish feel, its music and its culture.

The hospitality of the Turkish people is friendly; they can't do enough to help you. The restaurants serve an amazing mix of traditional Turkish food to something a little more international.

A holiday in Izmir will provide you with historical sights, fantastic scenery, thrills, excitement, water sports, diving, snorkelling, golf, mountain walks and some of the world's finest beaches. There is heaps to do for families and couples alike. You can find a variety of budget, low cost and value for money hotels which won't break your budget.

Izmir Location

Izmir is a region in south western Turkey which is packed with magic and mystery in which you can explore its many interesting sights. It lies in the Gulf of Izmir on the Aegean Sea so you can guarantee fantastic weather for at least 7 months of the year.

Izmir History

The history of Izmir dates back to the Bronze Age and is considered to be one of the oldest cities in the Mediterranean. Excavations continue and new artefacts are being unearthed all the time.Homer, the poet was born at Izmir which brings some further interest to the City.

The Hittite Empire is evident with scripts and writings which date back to 1500 BC. Izmir used to be known as Smyrna in pre-historic times and evidence of settlements can be seen at Mount Yamanlar and its village of Bayrakh. It is believed that in those days there was a vineyard producing a local wine, and also beer.

During the Iron Age era houses were built, but were very small typically with just one room that the family would live in. People were busy with agricultural and fishing ventures which brought them a small income. Amongst the vineyards were stonemasons and pottery workshops.

There is a well preserved temple, Athena which date back to 725 BC. This temple is an important feature for the history of Old Smyrna.

When the Persians invaded the city of Old Smyrna the coastal cities around the Aegean were destroyed. Eventually Alexander the Great won the battle against the Persians and greater developments of the region took place, allowing for a bigger population. The newer city was constructed upon Mount Pagos around 300 BC.

The Romans also played a part in the city: Roman architecture began to take shape including the narrow paved streets, however, an earthquake in 178 AD all but destroyed the city.

Over a period of centuries Izmir was captured by different civilisations including the Byzantine's, the Ottomans and The Turks. The Knights of Rhodes and the crusaders captured the city in 1204, until the 14thcentury when again the Turks conquered the city.

In more recent history Izmir became a bustling port city and in 1890 Konak Pier was the mastermind of Gustave Eiffel, the famous architect who designed the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

Eventually in the 16thcentury Izmir became one of the most important trade centres with operations taking place between the French and the British who both had consulates in Izmir. Surprisingly each consulate carried out shipping operations at their own quays.

The city of Izmir underwent a plague in 1676, an earthquake in 1688 and a great fire of Izmir in 1743. Despite these events the city continued to prosper, with more constructions and developments taking place. Trade was also started with the Dutch and the Italians. Immigration became a major part of Izmir which gradually changed the city.

By 1911 Izmir was a mixture of cultures including Christian and Jewish, although there were separate quarters where each lived amongst their own, respecting their own ethnic backgrounds.

The Italians occupied the city until shortly after the First World War ended, when The Turks took it back and it has remained under Turkish rule since. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the first Turkish president from 1920 until 1935. His rule was, and still is an important part of Turkey's history.

Getting To and Around Izmir

Air

You can reach the Izmir Airport easily from most UK Airports in around 4 hours. There are several flights each day to the airport and once at the airport you will find your way around easily. Izmir Airport is situated around 11 miles south of Izmir City. The national airline is Turkish Airlines, but there is a wide choice of alternative operators.

Izmir Airport

See Izmir Airport Guide

Airlines

British Airways, First Choice, flythomascook, Kibris Turk Hava Yollari, Lufthansa, Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines

Rail

Turkish rail network system covers limited numbers of cities and tourist spots and is slower travel compared with the bus. Turkish Railways (TCDD) operates passenger trains all over the country; you can find cabins, couchettes and restaurant cars. Some are air-conditioned. Fares are comparatively low, but are more expensive for express trains. Some discount travel cards are available and children aged seven and under travel free. Tickets can be purchased at TCDD offices at railway stations and TCDD-appointed agents.

Bus

Bus transportation is very good in Turkey, it is easy to use, comfortable and economical. There are several bus companies in Turkey which offer good services.

For longer journeys it is possible to travel overnight by bus. There are frequent services between Turkey, Austria, France, Germany, Greece and Switzerland. Buses also travel to Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Syria. You can reach Istanbul from London, with a change at Frankfurt by National Express.

Dolmus (shared) minibuses are very cheap if you are only travelling short distance. You can flag one down anywhere along the road as they do not have designated stops.

Tickets for buses can be bought at bus stations or town centres, it is a good idea to shop around for the best price.

Sea

Cruises often sail in the Mediterranean Sea and many shipping companies serving the ports of Izmir.

Car

Turkey has a good road network which is well marked and clear and links both main roads to smaller roads all over the country. A new motorway has opened between Istanbul and Ankara. The Trans European Motorway takes you from Turkey to the borders of Europe, Iran and Iraq.

Traffic is generally congested, in particular in bigger cities. Road signs are international and easy to read and are not complicated. You drive on the right in Turkey.

It is easily possible to hire a car as long as you have a valid driving licence and international driving permit.

Hiring a car isn't necessary around the big towns but if you want to explore and see something of the smaller, more beautiful villages then the best way, and perhaps the only way is by car.

Please note that road conditions and driving standards are not the same as Europe. Diligence should be exercised to avoid accidents on unfamiliar roads.

Many UK Tour Operators and Retailers have pre-negotiated rates with most reliable local companies and prices are usually cheaper by booking in advance. Check out our fantastic pre-booked car hire rates now here>>

Taxis

A dolmus is the cheapest form of taxi or mini bus, this is where you share with other people and split the cost to the point of their exit. It is easily recognisable by its yellow band. Other taxis have a chequered black and yellow band. It is always advisable to negotiate a taxi fee before the journey.

Transfers from the airports

Arriving at a foreign airport can often be a strenuous affair and with most customers traveling independently these days having a pre-booked airport transfer is an essential part of your holiday package. Local taxis at the airport can sometimes be limited or with long queues, by booking a pre-booked you can not only make a fantastic saving on your transfer but also avoid all the stress of queues and haggling with taxi drivers. Book your airport transfer service here now >>

Airports shuttle bus service

In most of our gateway airports you can pre-book an Airport Shuttle Service. This is a pre-booked only service that operates between the relevant airport and holiday resort. In normal times you can expect to wait up to 30 minutes for your shuttle bus to arrive however as this is a pre-negotiated service and only available to participating travel companies then expect to pay far less to get from the airport to your destination accommodation than other traditional forms or transport such as local taxis. Book your airport shuttle service here now>>

Izmir Car Hire

Hop behind the wheel of a hire car on holiday and explore the stunning scenery, discover deserted beaches, see spectacular views and discover the real charm of local villages and their inhabitants.

Izmir airport has a choice of hire car companies to choose from, all which operate to high standards and have competitive prices. You might find some good deals on car hire at some of the Izmir local agencies.

Save time by booking in advance from the UK and simply pick up the keys at the airport - you can be on your way to traveling the wide open roads or coastal highways in an instant, beating the queues for the bus, coach or taxi!

In Turkey, cars drive on the right and it is illegal not to wear a seat belt at all. Hiring a car is a great way to experience the island in full and appreciate the regions best bits away from the crowds, at your own relaxed pace. Hiring a car will enable you to visit some of the great sights to be seen and which are a little further away, so you can spend a day touring to other parts of Turkey.

Sightseeing in Izmir

Izmir is high on the list for sightseeing; it has history, roman ruins, archaeological sites, culture, natural beauty, stunning views, architecture and more. It has fantastic sun kissed beaches with water sports, diving and fantastic swimming opportunities in the warm seas. You can take a hot air balloon ride, visit one of the Seven Wonders of the World at Ephesus, and explore some museums. However long you plan to spend in Izmir on holiday, you will never find enough time to explore everything it has to offer. There is so much to see and do you will want to come back for more again and again. The most popular resorts in the region of Izmir are Cesme, Foca, Izmir and Ozdere.

Visit one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Ephesus is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, which has an impressive number of ruins from both the Greek and Roman eras. The Temple of Diana stands here which is another must see box to tick. Spend a leisurely day at Ankara visiting all its sight seeing attractions and you will feel you have learned a lot about Turkey's history.

The Clock Tower in Konak Square

See this important landmark in Izmir which was built in 1901 and stands very eloquently in the square. The square has other important buildings like the Town Hall which is very impressive, the Hasan Monument, the delightful and enchanting park and the promenade which provides fantastic views across the Gulf of Izmir.

Mount Pagos

The views from the top of Mount Pagos provide stunning scenes of the Gulf of Izmir and the city of Izmir. The Fortress at the top of the Mountain was built in the 4thcentury. Don't forget your camera if you decide to visit this attraction, it has been the topic of many picture postcards.

Bird Paradise

Bird enthusiasts and nature lovers will be enthralled by the bird sanctuary that is protected to preserve and to allow the birds to flourish. There are many species of migratory birds during the summer months, winter migratory birds and some birds which are permanent residents of the salt fields and marshes. Other wildlife can be seen here too, including wild boar, rabbits and foxes. Often it is possible to see flamingos and pelicans. The haven is dedicated to the breeding of bird species hence the conservation order.

Izmir Archaeological Museum

The museum of Izmir contains many fine displays and exhibitions including the statues of Poseidon and Demeter. It has many artifacts from other regions in Turkey, not just those that have been found in Izmir. The collections also contain some unusual rugs and camel bridles.

Top Things To Do in Izmir

Izmir is high on the list for sightseeing; it has history, roman ruins, archaeological sites, culture, natural beauty, stunning views, architecture and more. It has fantastic sun kissed beaches with water sports, diving and fantastic swimming opportunities in the warm seas. You can take a hot air balloon ride, visit one of the Seven Wonders of the World at Ephesus, and explore some museums. However long you plan to spend in Izmir on holiday, you will never find enough time to explore everything it has to offer. There is so much to see and do you will want to come back for more again and again.

Cruise the Bosphorus

Two enchanting suspension bridges stand across the narrow strait between Europe and Asia, so a visit to Bosphorus is almost like visiting two different continents at the same time. Sunsets are magnificent from here. You will also see plenty of boats, ferries and fishing boats travelling along the strait. You can take an excursion along Bosphorus stopping off at the Sultans' 19th-century Dolmabahçe Palace, Uskudar (Scutari), where Florence Nightingale nursed the wounded during the Crimean War and the fantastic Ottoman summer palace of Beylerbeyi. You will also see some spectacular villages, traditional and quirky with fish restaurants, old manor houses built back in the 19thcentury. You will also see plenty of Byzantine and Ottoman castles.

Visit one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Ephesus is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, which has an impressive number of ruins from both the Greek and Roman eras. The Temple of Diana stands here which is another must see box to tick. Spend a leisurely day at Ankara visiting all its sight seeing attractions and you will feel you have learned a lot about Turkey's history.

See the Waterfalls

Karsunlu and Manavgat are both spectacular water falls which cascade down the steep cliffs and tail off into the magnificent blue waters below. The areas are full of flora and fauna, fresh air and mixed with such beautiful surroundings you will find a perfect haven.

The Olympus National Park

Here you will find an area of complete serenity and natural beauty. You can see the mountains of Olympos in the distance, often with snow capping the peaks along with the protected flora and fauna. The area here also has many caves where evidence of early human life existed.

Go Trekking

Turkey has some marvellous natural beauty spots, mountains, villages and ancient ruins are just wonderful to explore by foot. There is a famous 500 kms footpath called Lycian Way, which stretches between Fethiye and Antalya. Along the way you will see some stunning scenery, flora and fauna.

Soak in the Soothing Waters at Pamukkale

Said to be magical healing waters by the Romans, today the spa is still used for its therapeutic healing. The ruins of the ancient Roman city of Hierapolis, is a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.

Hot Air Balloon

You might get the best views of Cappadocia in a hot air balloon, see the sights and enjoy the slow and peaceful scenery of the lunar landscape below.

Go Rafting

If you feel like a bit of adventure you can go white-water rafting on some of Turkey's rivers. Namely The Coruh River, which is said by professionals to be one of the most thrilling in the world. Other rivers you can use are including the Dalaman River, the Köprü River and the Zamanti River.

Treat Yourself to a Turkish Bath

Be spoiled by the luxurious Turkish baths. You will find plenty of baths all over Turkey where you can enjoy the therapeutic benefits of the waters and the massages. It's an experience you won't forget in a hurry.

See some Archaeological sites

Homer, the poet was born at Izmir. It is the 3rdbiggest Turkish city and has one of the most important ports of the Aegean coast. It surrounding scenery of hills is magnificent. In the past it has suffered from earthquakes, so today little remains of olden Smyrna. You can also see some statues of Poseidon, Artemis and the Roman agora. The Izmir region has many archaeological ruins for you to explore at your leisure.

Golf

The region of the Aegean has some championship golf courses in different locations and some set within the wonderful surrounding landscape with sea views, mountains in the distance.

Shopping in Izmir

If you feel like looking for a bargain carpet, then you are at the right country as Turkish rugs and carpets are world renowned. You can spend as much or as little as you like and they are to be found everywhere. Street stalls, bazaars, factories and shops. One of the top things to do is to visit one of the carpet showrooms where you will get the chance to see how carpets are made, and be given the opportunity to buy one. When you enter a Turkish shop, it is customary to be offered something to eat or drink by the owner. Don't accept this offer however, if you do not plan to buy anything.

Shopping hours are generally 09:30-19:00 daily in tourist areas. Closing hours vary, with some shops staying open until midnight. Outside tourist areas shops may close at lunchtime and on Sundays.

The main street where you will find plenty of shops and bazaars is around the Kemeralti Market area. Figs are a popular local product and you will find quite a few antique shops selling some unusual items. The Kemeralti Market is famous throughout the region and offers some fine clothing, leather, pottery, rugs, shawls and much more. The streets weave and wind with little shops leading off where you can have fun for many hours, browsing and haggling.

Izmir has more than its fair share of shops, every day of the week so you will have no problem in seeking out the bargains. There are designer boutiques in abundance and the best areas are along the Kordon Promenade, Karsiyaka and Cumhurivet Avenue.

Eating Out in Izmir

Turkey relies on production of its own natural spices and fresh ingredients: meat, fruit and vegetables, honey and jam are all produced in Turkey. Therefore there is very little that is imported. Turkish people usually eat bread, honey, cheese made from sheep's milk and olives for breakfast, with a cup of tea.

Lunch is usually only a small meal but the dinner in the evening is the main meal. Turkish people, like many Europeans like to take their time over their food, it's a family affair and lasts for ages.

Meze is a starter which can be served either hot or cold and is usually accompanied by aubergines, stuffed vine leaves and cheese pastries. Samosas are also popular and can be filled with either vegetables or meats with spices. Meat is usually grilled, roasted or minced and lamb, beef and chicken are popular. Stews with meat are a popular meal and is usually served with stuffed peppers, beans and rice. Lokanta restaurants are usually simple, but reasonably priced restaurants.

You can also find some top class restaurants where you will be able to taste some of Turkey's delicious, flavoursome food. Some of these restaurants only have cuisine of a speciality, such as a köftesi which serves meatballs, the kebapç which serves roast meats and the pideci offers pitta bread with a variety of fillings. Fresh fish can be found in some restaurants, these can be turbot, bream, bass, mussels and crab dishes.

The Turkish people love their sweet desserts such as baklava which is light puff pastry, filled with nuts and drizzled with syrup, or rice puddings and custard type desserts.

Typical dishes which are internationally famous are the Shish kebab (grilled meat on a skewer), Doner Kebab (lamb carved off of a revolving spit), Dolma (stuffed vine leaves) Barbunya (red mullet).

Turkish Delight really lives up to its name: it is made from dates, honey, roses, jasmine all mixed and bound by Arabic gum. Originally this was made as a breath freshener, but these days it is sold as a sweet desert, or simply as sweets.

Raki is like the Greek Ouzo and the French Pastis, it is usually added to water for the soft aniseed flavour. Tea is widely available and you wouldn't be complete if you didn't try a Turkish coffee which is served strong. Turkey produces its own beer, and red and white wines are available. You will find traditional tea gardens in all the big cities. These are usually set in fantastic surroundings with lots of things to watch, yet remaining relaxing and calming.

It is very important for us to advise you that during Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking is forbidden during daylight, so therefore visitors should be very discreet if participating in these activities.

Turkish Local Customs

Local customs in Turkey should always be respected. During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking is forbidden during daylight, so therefore visitors should be very discreet if participating in these activities.

Visitors to Turkey should dress appropriately, particularly females who should avoid low cut, very short attire especially when going into religious buildings and monuments. In restaurants formal dress may be required.

Before taking photographs of military or governmental buildings always ask permission, and don't just take photographs of people without asking permission first otherwise these is seen as a lack of respect for their culture.

Smoking is banned in all public transport and outdoor venues and within a year this will also include restaurants, bars and cafes. It is disrespectful to point your finger at someone, to turn the sole of your shoe toward anyone and nose blowing is extremely rude. If you must blow your nose, do so extremely discreetly, even better leave the room or turn away. Open affection towards the opposite sex is frowned upon.

Physical gestures you might like to know about is yes, nodding the head forward and down. Nomeans nodding up and back whilst lifting the eyebrows at the same time and Turkish people may make a slight noise, like tskto also indicate a no. If you shake your head from side to side, this interprets as I don't understand. To say thank youyou raise a hand to the heart, sometimes slightly nodding the head as well.

Nightlife in Izmir

Nightlife can be as busy or as quiet as you would like it. Women should always be conservative with their clothes when going to a Turkish club or disco.

Nightlife in Izmir is pretty diverse and offers something for everyone. There are quite a few bars and clubs although most entertainment is hotel based with floor shows, cabarets and belly dancing. Along the waters edge around the marina there are some good restaurants and tavernas where you can relax and enjoy a magnificent meal.

Alcansak is one of the busier towns for nightlife. It has an array of clubs, bars, pubs and restaurants to suit everyone's taste and pocket.

You might find some open air concerts and discos taking place, especially around the area of the Levent Marina.

There are also operatic concerts that take place regularly in the old cinema, often there will be theatrical and ballet performances as well.

Golf in Izmir

Golfing in Turkey is becoming a popular sport for holidaymakers and it now has several good courses with excellent facilities. Coupled with magnificent surroundings and fresh air with fantastic sunshine, what more could you ask for?

Izmir does not have any golf courses of its own so to play you would have to travel to one of the super courses in Antalya or Bodrum.

Events and Festivals in Izmir

In Turkey every year there are plenty of events and local festivals going on, you will always find something to do in any of the cities. There are national holidays held on particular days to mark events in history with the month long Ramadan being the biggest Islamic religious festival in Turkey.

There are international cultural festivals held in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir and Antalya with Istanbul being the most popular.

January

New Years Day

A popular day to the people of Turkey, like everywhere else in the world. Celebrations take place all around the country with lots of music, feasting and drinking.

March

Nevruz

21 March this is a traditional spring event in the Middle East whereby you will witness the strange event of Kurds and Alevis trying to jump over bonfires.

April

Ephesus Festival

A cultural and arts festival with lots of traditional folk dancing, in the theatre at Ephesus.

Istanbul Film Festival

The annual film festival is held with a variety of films from the Middle East, Asia, Europe and America.

National Sovereignty & Children's Day

On 23 April a double event takes place to remember the first meeting of the Grand National Assembly in Turkey and also a children's festival with events organised for children to take part in.

Anzac Day

25 April is a day of celebration and memorial for the people who lost their lives at Gallipoli in 1915. This is an important day, not only for the Turks but for Australians and New Zealanders as well.

May

Youth & Sports Day

Held on 19 May to celebrate the ex leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's birthday with many sporting events throughout the country.

Strawberry Festival

The first week of May a delightful festival where you can sample the delights of locally grown strawberries

The kite and Spring Festival

To celebrate the start of spring lots of colourful kites are flown in the Bornova area of Izmir

Bird Paradise Festival

During the second week of May a festival takes place in Sasali to honour the wonderful birds and species that inhabit the saltlands

May to June

Pergamum Festival

Held in the stunning surroundings of the Asklepeion there is a programme of theatrical and dancing shows.

June

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Competition

Every June in Edirne; Turkey's greatest oil-wrestlers slug it out for supremacy. It's a popular event with many people who attend.

June to July

Bursa Festival

A month long festival featuring many international singers and musicians.

Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival

Various performers from the Operatic and Ballet industry provide spectacular events.

July

International Çeºme Sea Festival

During the first week of July a marine based festival takes place at Cesme. You will get the opportunity to participate in the events and join in with the locals. This is a popular event which is well attended.

International Music Festival

A 3 day music festival where local musicians combine with international musicians to provide a popular musical extravaganza.

August

Victory Day

30 August is a national holiday to remember the victory against the Greek army at the time of the War of Independence (1919-1922).

August to September

Izmir International Fair

A month long event which is a mixture of cultural, traditional and commercial events.

October

Republic Day

29 October which is a national holiday to celebrate the announcement of the republic of Ataturk in 1923?

November

Anniversary of Ataturk's Death

A minutes silence is held to remember the death of Ataturk in 1938.

December

Mevlana Festival

For a week in December a Konya festival takes place to honour the great poet Rumi, in honour of the masterpiece of the whirling dervishes

According to the Islamic Calendar religious festivals honour the majority of Islamic holidays, the two most important being Ramadan which lasts for a month. Two months after Ramadan the Kurban Bayrami takes place which is equivalent to the Christian Christmas. This festival lasts for around four or five days.

NATIONAL HOLIDAYS IN TURKEY

January 1 - New Years Day

April 23 - National Independence & Children's Day

May 19 - Ataturk Commemoration & Youth Day

August 30 - Victory Day

October 28 & 29 - Republic Day

Ramadan - dates vary in Sept or October

Kurban Bayrami - Dates vary usually December 2 months after Ramadan

Beaches in Izmir

Turkey has some stunning, delightful beaches full of sand and warm seas of the Aegean or Meditteranean.

There is a charge on some of Turkey's beaches but this helps to keep the beaches free from litter and absolutely stunning.There are beautiful, isolated coves where you can enjoy the little fishes nibbling your toes in the clear waters.

The usual water sports are available, if you want the thrill of jet skis or a ride on a banana boat then you will find it at most beaches.

Just relax, enjoy reading your book and absorb the beautiful atmosphere on some of the world's best beaches.

Cesme

Cesme has some beautiful beaches at Ilica which have thermal waters and radioactive sands. The sand is hot but the thermal waters are very cooling and the sea which rolls into Cesme remains at a constant temperature of 28ºC. The beaches are easily reached by public bus and they have plenty of activities such as water sports. There can sometimes be a northerly wind blowing on these beaches, but this makes them perfect for windsurfing. Cesme has a magnificent castle, which hosts a singing competition each year.

Foca

Foca is proud of its fantastic natural beauty which mingles into the gorgeous bay and wonderful blue seas which is clear and warm. The bay is ideal for families with young children as the beach shelves gently to the calm seas. The views of the surrounding landscape and stunning, and is definitely a photographers dream. Foca has some historical interest, and the marvellous sea food restaurants where you can be sure that what is on the menu has been caught fresh that day.

Kusadasi

Kusadasi has some magnificent beaches including the sublime Ladies Beach, but don't be confused, men are allowed on this beach too. There is an abundance of bays and beaches, such as Pamucak Beach, Kustur Beach, and the Sun Set Beach Club.

Ozdere

Situated between Kusadasi and Cesme, the beaches at Ozdere consist of several small bays that have stunning sand, clean seas and an air for relaxation. The beaches are relatively unspoilt, but are popular especially with families as the sand is gloriously golden and the shallow, warm waters are ideal.

Turkey Useful Information

Land Area:

total: 780,580 sq km

land: 770,760 sq km

water: 9,820 sq km

Population: 71,892,807 (July 2008 est.)

Capital City: Ankara

Coastline: 7,200 km

Language

Turkish is the official language, but English is widely understood in the main tourist areas.

Banking Hours

Banks are generally open Monday-Friday 08:30-12:00 and 13:30-17:00. Some banks in tourist areas are open every day. Most businesses are closed on Sundays. Many museums close on Mondays.

Currency

The official currency is the New Turkish Lira (TRY New notes are in denominations of TRY100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. Coins are in denominations of TRY1 and 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 New Kuruº (Ykr). The New Turkish Lira was introduced on 1 January, 2005. The old Turkish Lira (TL) was withdrawn from circulation on 1 January, 2006. It is now only possible to exchange old Turkish Lira for New Turkish Lira at the Central Bank until 31 December, 2015. 1 YTL = 1,000,000 TL.

Currency Exchange:

Cash can usually be exchanged commission-free in exchange offices, banks or hotels. US dollars and euros are the easiest currencies to exchange. Many banks and exchange offices will also exchange UK pounds, Japanese yen. It may be difficult to exchange Australian or Canadian currencies except at banks and offices in major cities.

ATMs are available in most areas and will dispense Turkish lira to Visa, MasterCard, Cirrus, Maestro and Eurocard holders. Nearly all machines offer instructions in English, French, German and Turkish. You can usually draw out about US$250 per day and the exchange rate tends to be good.

American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and Visa are widely accepted, although American Express is less often accepted (e.g., Turkish Airlines does not accept American Express). You can also get cash advances on credit cards. Check with your credit or debit card company for details of merchant acceptability and other services which may be available.

Traveller's cheques can only be exchanged in banks. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, traveller's cheques should be issued in Pounds Sterling or US Dollars.

Customs

Turkish immigration allows the following, including: Alcohol 5 bottles (1 litre) or 7 bottles (700ml) of wine and/or spirits, tobacco 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 200g of tobacco, gifts Duty free allowance up to dm 500, perfume 5 bottles (up to 120ml), cameras no restrictions and currency must be declared on arrival.

Note: (a) A further 400 cigarettes or 100 cigars or 500g of tobacco may be imported if purchased on arrival at a duty-free shop. (b) Very specific amounts and categories of personal belongings may be imported duty free, according to a list available from the Turkish Embassy, Financial and Customs Counsellor's Office.

Prohibited Imports : Narcotics, sharp implements and weapons.

Restricted Exports : (a) The export of souvenirs such as carpets is subject to customs regulations regarding age and value. (b) The export of antiques is forbidden, according to a list available from the Turkish Embassy, Financial and Customs Counsellor's Office. (c) Minerals may only be exported under license from the General Directorate of Mining Exploration & Research

Electricity/Plug

220 volts AC, 50Hz. The European two-pin plug is standard.

Health

Numerous cases of bird flu have been reported in northern, eastern and central Turkey, but there is no evidence of the virus passing between humans; the people who died had close contact with poultry. Authorities are taking stringent measures to contain the outbreaks. Visitors are unlikely to be at risk, but are advised to avoid close exposure to caged, domestic or wild birds, and to ensure that poultry and egg dishes are cooked thoroughly. There are no vaccination requirements, although a typhoid vaccine is recommended for all travellers, unless coming for a short period and only eating in major hotels and restaurants (e.g. business travellers or cruise ship passengers). There is a risk of malaria in the south-eastern part of the country, but not in the main tourist areas in the west and south-west of the country, although mosquitoes can still be an irritation in summer. Most tap water in the larger towns and cities has been chlorinated, but bottled water is still recommended for drinking. Food from street vendors should be treated with caution. Medical facilities and standard of health care are not high in state hospitals and private health insurance is recommended. Modern facilities exist in private hospitals in Ankara and Istanbul.

In general, Turkey is a pretty healthy country to travel in, although many people will experience the odd day of stomach upset. It's wise to stick to bottled water and take the usual precautions over food and hygiene, especially in the heat of July and August (i.e. make sure any meat or fish is thoroughly cooked and served hot). It is best to avoid shellfish such as muscles, oysters and clams as they may not be fresh. Milk is pasteurised.

No vaccinations are required to enter Turkey. However, you may want to receive or update your inoculations for tetanus, hepatitis, polio and typhoid before travelling to Turkey. Speak with your General Practitioner if you have any concerns. There is no malaria risk in the main tourist areas in the west and southwest of the country. Potential malaria risk (exclusively in the benign vivax form) exists from May to the end of October in the Ukorova/Amikova areas and in southeast Anatolia, Adana and Antalya (Side).

Healthcare is expensive and not widespread so it is highly advised that you have travel insurance which will cover the cost of all medical aid. A great number of Turkish doctors and dentists speak a foreign language, particularly at major hospitals.

Turkey has well-stocked pharmacies, however you should not risk running out of anything that you depend on. Bring an adequate supply as well as the generic brand name and a legible prescription or letter from your doctor to show that you use the medication legally.

Safety

Due to the current situation in neighbouring Iraq, travellers are advised to be cautious and check with their embassy before departure for a current update on the situation. There is a significant threat from terrorism in Turkey and there have been a number of terrorist incidents, including small explosions, around the country, including in Istanbul and the capital, Ankara. Explosions on the Aegean Coast and the Mediterranean have killed and injured many people, including foreign tourists. Kurdish militant groups, as well as international terrorist groups, are currently active in Turkey and further attacks against the tourism industry in particular are likely. The Turkish economy is heavily reliant on tourism, which Kurdish separatists have repeatedly threatened to target. There are continuing incidents of local terrorism in Eastern Turkey, particularly the south east. Visitors should avoid any public demonstrations. Street crime is relatively low although visitors should guard their valuables at all times. A number of sexual assaults have been reported in coastal tourist areas. Many parts of Turkey lie on a major seismic fault line and are subject to earthquakes and tremors; several fairly recent earthquakes have shaken eastern Turkey, the southwest and southeast.

Although Turkey is one of the safest countries in the region, theft and robbery seem to be on the rise. Take the necessary precautions such as wearing a money-belt under your clothing, being aware of pick-pockets and purse-slashers in markets and other crowded places (especially Istanbul's Grand Bazaar), and keeping a watchful eye on anyone suspicious lurking near ATM machines.

If you are travelling alone, be cautious of strangers in pairs or trios who try to befriend you and offer you a drink or snack. Drugging and robbery is not uncommon. To discern from honest Turkish hospitality and sinister motives, suggest that you want to take their picture as a souvenir and see how they react. You could also site an allergy as a reason for not accepting a drink or snack. If they accuse you of insulting their generosity, go to a police station or bank or somewhere with a security officer without delay.

As a result of Turkey's traditional gender segregation, men tend to assume that any woman walking alone is open to harassment. Yet this unwanted attention will not usually lead to serious assault. Provided you dress and behave modestly, most men will treat you with kindness. Wearing a wedding ring can be helpful, as does wearing dark sunglasses to avoid eye contact. Some men may mistake your passing smile as an open flirtation.

Restaurants will usually have separate family roomsset aside for women to dine in social comfort. Look for the word aile (family) as in aile salonu (family room) and take your meal there. In a society where women rarely drink, overindulging in alcohol is highly inadvisable.

When taking a taxi, women should not sit in the front passenger seat. If travelling by bus, should not sit next to a man. Women are often assigned seats at the front of the bus. If no one shows you where to sit, avoid sitting in the back of the bus. If any harassment occurs, always make a lot of noise as to attract attention and embarrass the harasser.

Tipping in Turkey

Tipping is a way of life in Turkey and it is customary to give some small change for most services, or a small percent of the bill. In bigger hotels and restaurants if a service charge is not added to the bill, it is customary to tip between 10 and 15%. For taxi fares it is enough to round up the bill. Attendants at Turkish baths expect to share about 15% of the total bill if service has been good.

An average tip at the average restaurant is about 10%. Some more expensive restaurants and hotels automatically include a 10-15% service charge in the bill. Tips are not expected in cheaper hotels or very cheap local-style restaurants. Hotel porters should be tipped about 2% of the room price.

Taxi drivers appreciate it if you round up the metered fare, however dolmus taxi drivers (shared taxis with fixed rates for set stops) never expect a tip.

In Turkish baths (hamams) you should add a small tip to the set fee.

Time Zone

Local time is GMT +2 (GMT +3 from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October).

Communications:

The International country calling code of Turkey is 00 90. Local and international telephone calls can be made from hotel rooms, and most hotels also offer fax and Internet access.

Passport and Visa Requirements for Turkey

Country Passport Required? Visa Required? Return Ticket Required?

British Yes 2 Yes

Australian Yes 2 Yes

Canadian Yes 2 Yes

USA Yes 2 Yes

Other EU 1 2/3/4 Yes

Passports

Passport valid for at least three months from date of departure from Turkey required by all nationals referred to in the chart above, except:

1. nationals of Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Liechtenstein, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland, who can enter with a national ID card (which must have a validity of one year).

Visas

Sticker-type entry visas: Tourists and business visitors from the following countries do require visas and can obtain a sticker-type entry visa at the point of entry for a fee (prices are dependent on nationality):

(a) 2. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Italy, Malta, The Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, the UK* and USA for stays not exceeding three months;

(b) 3. Greek Cypriot Administrative Region, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovak Republic for stays not exceeding one month.

Except 4. Nationals of Bulgaria who do not require a visa for stays up to three months, but do require a visa for transit and for entry at certain points in Turkey; check with consulate.

Visa Note

(a) *British National Overseas passport holders should contact the visa section of the consulate general before travelling. (b) Nationals not referred to in the chart above are advised to contact the embassy to check visa requirements (see Contact Addresses).

Types of Visa and Cost

British passport holders can obtain tourist visa either at the port of entry in Turkey for £10 or from the consulate general in the UK for £50. Single entry (six months): £74. Single entry (one year): £230. Single transit: £74. Study: £74 (six months) or £230 (one year). Work: £230. These prices are provided by The Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London; prices may vary according to nationality.

Validity

Single entry: up to six months or one year. Multiple entry: up to five years. Transit: six months. Work: one year. Study: six months or one year.

Applications to:

Consulate (or consular section at embassy); see Contact Addresses. Applicants must pre-book an appointment with the relevant consulate. An online appointment system is available for The Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London. Travel agencies can also make visa applications.

Working Days Required

Usually three, but dependent on nationality of applicant and type of visa. Some applications may be referred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Ankara, which may take much longer (minimum six to eight weeks).

Cesme

Cesme is situated some 85 kms to the west of Izmir, with excellent road links between the two cities. Cesme is a cosmopolitan town, providing a place for second home owners to spend their time away from work.

The city has many historical attractions, including the elegant Ottoman fountains which you will find throughout the city. The city has become quite densely populated in recent years, and tourism thrives here.

It has some very nice towns on its outskirts which are both rural and beach resorts. The beaches are popular particularly those at Ilica, which have thermal waters and radioactive sands. The sand is hot but the thermal waters are very cooling and the sea which rolls into Cesme remains at a constant temperature of 28ºC. The beaches are easily reached by public bus and they have plenty of activities such as water sports. There can sometimes be a northerly wind blowing on these beaches, but this makes them perfect for windsurfing.

There are a good variety of restaurants which offer a wide choice of menus, from something traditionally Turkish, to Chinese and the usual fast food establishments.

Cesme looks out across to the Greek island of Chios, there are ferries which run between the two locations which are regular so enable you to visit the best of both worlds. There are also ferries which run from Cesme to Italy.

Cesme has a magnificent castle, which hosts a singing competition each year when young hopefuls enter into the talent show hoping to be lucky. The castle is a 14thcentury built one and is situated on the town square. The Grand Vizier (an important minister) has a statue in front of the castle with his pet lion.

The Ottoman buildings around the town square are astonishing and very imposing. There is also a 19thGreek Orthodox church which is only used for exhibitions these days, all very impressive and full of atmosphere are charm.

Cesme has a small variety of shops which sell jewellery, clothing, sandals and shoes as well as beach items and typical souvenirs. It also has a few small supermarkets so if you are self catering you can buy day to day items. There are an abundance of souvenir a shop which not only sell local products, but also spices, teas and the delicious Turkish delight.

Nightlife can be as busy or as quiet as you would like it. Cesme is generally well suited to those who enjoy a quiet nightlife as entertainment is usually hotel based with belly dancing shows and other performers like snake charmers and cabarets. The centre of Cesme is livelier and here you will find a few bars offering some music entertainment. Women should always be conservative with their clothes when going into a restaurant or bar. There are some clubs too if you feel like getting your dancing shoes on.

If you want to take in some sightseeing, Ephesus is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, which has an impressive number of ruins from both the Greek and Roman eras. The Temple of Diana stands here which is another must see box to tick. Spend a leisurely day at Ankara visiting all its sight seeing attractions and you will feel you have learned a lot about Turkey's history.

Nature lovers will be enthralled by the bird sanctuary, Bird of Paradise where you can see different species of birds. It is protected to preserve and to allow the birds to flourish. There are many species of migratory birds during the summer months, winter migratory birds and some birds which are permanent residents of the salt fields and marshes. Other wildlife can be seen here too, including wild boar, rabbits and foxes. Often it is possible to see flamingos and pelicans. The haven is dedicated to the breeding of bird species hence the conservation order.

If you want to explore and learn about the history of Izmir, the museum of Izmir contains many fine displays and exhibitions including the statues of Poseidon and Demeter. It has many artifacts from other regions in Turkey, not just those that have been found in Izmir. The collections also contain some unusual rugs and camel bridles.

Cesme has something for everyone, whatever your taste or choice. Here you can find value for money hotels, easily affordable restaurants and plenty of glorious sunshine.

Foca

Approximately 70 kms from Izmir going north, Foca is a pretty seaside town resting on the coast of the Aegean Sea.

Its beauty is amazing, it is charming and delightful with its little bays, small coves and fantastic clean waters: for this reason many of the bays have been awarded with the European Blue Flag. The Mediterranean Seals inhabit the region of Foca, these areas are now under a conservation order.

The town is very traditional with stone houses proudly displaying their delightful gardens full of flowers and citrus fruits.

The town has some archaeological interest including the Temple of Athena, the Sanctuary of Cybele and much more. Some of the artifacts are displayed in the Izmir Archaeological Museum.

Nightlife is rather conservative in Foca and is mostly hotel based where you will be treated to an evening of belly dancing, cabarets or magician's shows. There are a number of restaurants where you can guarantee an affordable meal in delightful surroundings.

For sightseeing you have plenty of things on your doorstep to visit. The Devil's Baths is one of these sights which is a tomb believed to date back to the 4thcentury BC.

The Fatih Mosque dates back from the Ottoman period and it is said to be one of the oldest monuments in Foca. Suleyman the Magnificent renovated the mosque to what it is today.

For some sightseeing around the region of Izmir, you could visit theClock Tower in Konak Square.See this important landmark in Izmir which was built in 1901 and stands very eloquently in the square. The square has other important buildings like the Town Hall which is very impressive, the Hasan Monument, the delightful and enchanting park and the promenade which provides fantastic views across the Gulf of Izmir.

If you want to see some beautythenthe views from the top of Mount Pagos provide stunning scenes of the Gulf of Izmir and the city of Izmir. The Fortress at the top of the Mountain was built in the 4thcentury. Don't forget your camera if you decide to visit this attraction, it has been the topic of many picture postcards.

Izmir

Izmir is Turkey's 3rd biggest city and is steeped in history and wonder. Its architecture is astounding and the city has many fine mosques, in particular the Hisar Mosque. The Clock Tower in Konak Square is a famous tourist attraction and well worth a visit for some photographic souvenirs. The ancient name for the city was originally Smyrna, but today it is more popularly known as Izmir.

Izmir is popular for its night venues with both holidaymakers and locals alike. There is a wide variety of bars, clubs and discos which provide a choice of popular music along with some traditional Turkish music and jazz music which is popular amongst the Turkish people. The town of Alsancak is a popular choice with clubbers and those looking for all night entertainment.

For some people who enjoy hot and never ending sunshine then Izmir is the ideal place to find such weather during the summer months. The people of Turkey usually take their summer holidays during July - September and the country's most popular national holiday Kurban Bavrami is always a busy time. Izmir is high on the list for sightseeing; it has history, roman ruins, archaeological sites, culture, natural beauty, stunning views, architecture and more.

It has fantastic sun kissed beaches with water sports, diving and fantastic swimming opportunities in the warm seas. You can take a hot air balloon ride, visit one of the Seven Wonders of the World at Ephesus, and explore some museums. However long you plan to spend in Izmir on holiday, you will never find enough time to explore everything it has to offer. There is so much to see and do you will want to come back for more again and again.

The main street where you will find plenty of shops and bazaars is around the Kemeralti Market area. Figs are a popular local product and you will find quite a few antique shops selling some unusual items. The Kemeralti Market is famous throughout the region and offers some fine clothing, leather, pottery, rugs, shawls and much more. The streets weave and wind with little shops leading off where you can have fun for many hours, browsing and haggling.

Izmir has more than its fair share of shops, every day of the week so you will have no problem in seeking out the bargains. There are designer boutiques in abundance and the best areas are along the Kordon Promenade, Karsiyaka and Cumhurivet Avenue.

Nightlife in Izmir is pretty diverse and offers something for everyone. There are quite a few bars and clubs although most entertainment is hotel based with floor shows, cabarets and belly dancing. Along the waters edge around the marina there are some good restaurants and tavernas where you can relax and enjoy a magnificent meal to suit everyone's taste and pocket. Alcansak is one of the busier towns for nightlife. It has an array of clubs, bars, pubs and restaurants to choose between, deciding is the difficult bit.

Kusadasi

Just to the north of Bodrum's peninsular, but actually closer to Izmir, you will find an exciting and vibrant town called Kusadasi where life is buzzing and you certainly won't have time to be bored.

Kusadasi has some magnificent beaches including the sublime Ladies Beach, but don't be confused, men are allowed on this beach too.

In case you are wondering what the island that overlooks Kusadasi is all about, it is called Bird Island and has a castle on its peak. It looks simply stunning and has been the subject of many photographs and paintings.

Kusadasi has a splendid bazaar where you will get the opportunity to haggle and barter for the best price, and don't worry or be embarrassed, it will be expected from you. There are plenty of bargains to be had, with jewellery, clothes, and stalls selling trinkets and bric-a-brac, you are sure to find something to take home.

Kusadasi has many restaurants, in fact it has just about everything to suit everyone. The main street for evening entertainment is Bar Street, where you will find Irish Pubs, English Pubs, traditional taverns or an open air disco. Be thrilled at catching a cabaret or belly dancing show and sit back and relax.

At Kusadasi although you will find enough to do, you may feel like travelling out and about to do some exploring so why not take a jeep safari, go to a local waterpark, visit ancient Ephesus to see the ruins or spend some time at Bodrum. There is plenty to do, and you won't have far to go to do it!

Ozdere

If you are looking for a romantic and idyllic beach resort, then you don't need to look any further than Ozdere. Located on the Aegean coastline, you will find some splendid bays, coves and beaches to make your holiday perfect. If you are lucky you might see the dolphins which often swim in the bay at Ozdere.

The resort is quiet and peaceful, nightlife is hotel based or you can visit one of the restaurants which provide value for money meals in enchanting surroundings. For more in the way of nightlife you could visit the nearby resort of Izmir, which is approximately 40 kms away.

Families and children might enjoy a day trip excursion to the waterpark at Adaland where you can enjoy the thrills and excitement of the adventure slides and pools.

There are a few shops in the resort, but for more extensive shopping you should go to Izmir where you can enjoy plenty of time doing some retail therapy.The main area where you will find plenty of shops and bazaars is around the Kemeralti Market area. Figs are a popular local product and you will find quite a few antique shops selling some unusual items. The Kemeralti Market is famous throughout the region and offers some fine clothing, leather, pottery, rugs, shawls and much more. The streets weave and wind with little shops leading off where you can have fun for many hours, browsing and haggling.

From Ozdere you can take an excursion to the Greece, boats are frequent during the summer and offer you the opportunity to see another part of the world.

Other places of interest to visit areEphesus which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and has an impressive number of ruins from both the Greek and Roman eras. The Temple of Diana stands here which is another must see box to tick. Spend a leisurely day at Ankara visiting all its sight seeing attractions and you will feel you have learned a lot about Turkey's history.

Karsunlu and Manavgat are both spectacular water falls which cascade down the steep cliffs and tail off into the magnificent blue waters below. The areas are full of flora and fauna, fresh air and mixed with such beautiful surroundings you will find a perfect haven.

Or you could visit The Olympus National Park where you will find an area of complete serenity and natural beauty. You can see the mountains of Olympos in the distance, often with snow capping the peaks along with the protected flora and fauna. The area here also has many caves where evidence of early human life existed.